In modern finance, several products look complicated on the surface, but most of them rest on a very simple idea – the Underlying. Whether it is a stock option, a commodity future, or a currency forward, everything finally traces back to one basic asset sitting at the core. Understanding that base is what helps an […]

Introduction For a retail investor exploring the financial markets, a nuanced understanding of the mechanisms that drive asset prices is essential. This is particularly true for bonds, an asset class known for its complexity and subtlety. In this article, we explore why bond prices and yields move in opposite directions—a fundamental concept that is crucial […]

Introduction Over the past two years, India’s investment market has seen a sharp rise in the number of retail investors beginning to populate their portfolios. There has been an influx of liquidity into India’s financial markets, including equities, derivatives and commodities. However, not all financial instruments are made the same. Equities with higher returns are […]

In fixed income, return is rarely just about the number printed on the term sheet. What often matters just as much is when the money comes back. For bonds where principal is repaid gradually, not all at the end, this timing can materially change the investor’s experience. That is where Yield to Average Life becomes […]